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mp2610 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1/2 - cell switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 1 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. the future of analog ic technology description the mp2610 is a monolithic switching charger for 1 or 2 cells li-ion battery packs with a built- in internal power mosfet. it achieves up to 2a charge current with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. the charge current can be programmed by sensing the current through an accurate sense resistor. mp2610 regulates the charge current and charger voltage using two control loops to realize high accuracy cc charge and cv charge. fault condition protection includes cycle - by - cycle current limiting and thermal shutdown. other safety features include battery temperature monitoring, charge status indication, and programmable timer to cease the charging cycle. the mp2610 requires a minimum number of readily available standard external components. the mp2610 is available in 4mm4mm 16-pin qfn package. features ? charges 1/2 - cell li-ion battery packs ? wide 5v to 24v operating input range ? up to 2a programmable charging current ? 0.75% v batt accuracy ? 0.2 ? internal power mosfet switch ? up to 90% efficiency ? fixed 1.1mhz frequency ? preconditioning for fully depleted batteries ? charging operation indicator ? input supply and battery fault indicator ? thermal shutdown ? cycle-by-cycle over current protection ? battery temperature monitor and protection applications ? distributed power systems ? chargers for 1-cell or 2-cell li-ion batteries ? smart phones ? portable dvd player ?mps? and ?the future of analog ic technology? are registered trademarks o f monolithic power systems, inc. typical application figure 1?standalone switching charger
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 2 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. ordering information part number* package top marking free air temperature ( t a ) MP2610ER 4mm4mm qfn16 2610er -20oc to +85oc * for tape & reel, add suffix-z (e.g. MP2610ER-z); for rohs compliant packaging, add suffix-lf (e.g. MP2610ER-lf-z) package reference top view pin 1 id ntc acok chgok vref33 gnd csp batt compi 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 8 7 6 5 12 11 10 9 exposed pad on backside vref25 en cells compv vin sw bst tmr absolute maxi mum ratings (1) supply voltage v in ....................................... 26v v sw ........................................-0.3v to v in + 0.3v v bst ...................................................... v sw + 6v v csp , v batt, ...................................-0.3v to +18v all other pins ..................................-0.3v to +6v continuous power dissipation (t a =+25 c) (2) ............................................................. 2.7w junction temperature ...............................150 c lead temperature ....................................260 c storage temperature............... -65 c to +150 c recommended operating conditions (3) supply voltage v in ..............................5v to 24v operating junct.temp(t j )........ -20 c to +125 c thermal resistance (4) ja jc 4mm4mm qfn16 ................. 46 .......10... c/w notes: 1) exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) the maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature t j (max), the junction-to- ambient thermal resistance ja , and the ambient temperature t a . the maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by p d (max)=(t j (max)- t a )/ ja . exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. 3) the device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) measured on jesd51-7 4-layer board.
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 3 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. electrical characteristics v in = 19v, t a = +25 c, cells=0v, unless otherwise noted. parameters symbol condition min typ max units cells=0v 4.168 4.2 4.232 terminal battery voltage v batt cells= vref33 8.337 8.4 8.463 v csp batt current i csp ,i batt charging disabled 1 a switch on resistance r ds(on) 0.2 ? switch leakage en = 4v, v sw = 0v 0 10 a cc mode 3.8 a peak current limit trickle mode 1.75 a cc current i cc rs1= 100m ? 1.8 2.0 2.2 a trickle charge current i trickle 10% i cc cells=0v 2.8 v trickle charge voltage threshold cells=3.3v 5.6 v trickle charge hysteresis 350 mv termination current threshold i bf 5% 10% 15% i cc oscillator frequency f sw cells=0v, v batt =4.5v 1.1 mhz fold-back frequency v batt =0v 350 khz maximum duty cycle 87 % maximum current sense voltage (csp to batt) v sense 170 200 230 mv minimum on time t on cells=0v, v batt =5v 100 ns under voltage lockout threshold rising 3 3.2 3.4 v under voltage lockout threshold hysteresis 200 mv open-drain sink current ( acok ), ( chgok ) v drain =0.3v 5 ma dead-battery indication stay at trickle mode 30 min termination delay time after i bf reached 1 min recharge threshold at v batt v rechg 4.0 v/cell recharge hysteresis 100 mv/cell r ntc =ncp18xh103 (0c) 73 ntc low temp rising threshold recovery hysteresis 3 %of vref33 r ntc =ncp18xh103 (50c) 30 ntc high temp falling threshold recovery hysteresis 2 %of vref33 vin min head-room (reverse blocking) vin ? vbatt 180 mv
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 4 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. electrical characteristics (continued) v in = 19v, t a = +25 c, cells=0v, unless otherwise noted. parameters symbol condition min typ max units en =4v 0.16 ma supply current (shutdown) en =4v, consider vref33 pin output current. r 3 =10k, r ntc =10k 0.32 ma supply current (quiescent) en =0v, cells=0v 2.0 ma en input low voltage 0.4 v en input high voltage 1.8 v en =4v 4 en input current en =0v 0.2 a thermal shutdown 150 c vref25 output voltage 2.5 v vref33 output voltage 3.3 v vref33 load regulation i load =0 to 10ma 30 50 mv
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 5 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. pin functions pin # name description 1 ntc thermistor input. connect a resistor from th is pin to the pin vref33 and the thermistor from this pin to ground. 2 acok valid input supply indicator. a logic low on this pin indicates the presence of a valid input supply. 3 chgok charging completion indicator. a logic low indicates charging operation. the pin will become an open drain once the charging is completed or suspended. 4 vref33 internal linear regulator 3.3v reference output. bypass to gnd with a 1 f ceramic capacitor. 5 vref25 internal linear regulator 2.5v reference output. 6 en on/off control input. 7 cells command input for the number of li-ion cells. connect this pin to vref33 for 2-cell operation or ground the pin for 1-cell operation. do not leave this pin float. 8 compv v-loop compensation. connect this pin with a capacitor and a resistor. 9 compi i-loop compensation. connect this pin with a capacitor and a resistor. 10 batt positive battery terminal. 11 csp battery current sense positive input. connect a resistor rs1 between csp and batt. the full charge current is: () () m ? rs1 200mv a i chg = . 12 gnd, exposed pad ground. this pin is the voltage reference fo r the regulated output voltage. for this reason care must be taken in its layout. this node should be placed outside of the switching diode (d2) to the input ground path to prevent switching current spikes from inducing voltage noise into the part. connect exposed pad to ground plane for optional thermal performance. 13 tmr set time constant. 0.1 a current charges and discharges the external cap. 14 bst bootstrap. this capacitor is needed to driv e the power switch?s gate above the supply voltage. it is connected between sw and bs pi ns to form a floating supply across the power switch driver. 15 sw switch output. 16 in supply voltage. the mp2610 operates from a 5v to 24v unregulated input to charge 1~2 cell li-ion battery. capacitor is needed to prev ent large voltage spikes from appearing at the input.
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 6 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics v in =19v, c1=4.7uf, c2=22uf, l=4.7uh, rs1=100m ? , real battery load, t a =25oc, unless otherwise noted. 4 4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.1 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.2 0 10203040506070 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 battery voltage(v) battery voltage(v) battery current(a) battery current(a) charge current(a) charge current(a) 1-cell battery charge curve 2-cell battery charge curve times(min) times(min) battery voltage(v) battery voltage(v) v batt v batt i batt i batt 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 batt float voltage vs. v in v in (v) v in (v) v in (v) i chg (a) i chg (a) v batt (v) efficiency vs. v chg 2-cell, v batt =8.4v, cc load efficiency vs. v chg 2-cell, v batt =7.4v, cc load efficiency vs. i chg 1-cell, v batt =4.2v, cc load efficiency (%) efficiency (%) efficiency (%) ntc control window 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 81216202428 vntc(v) 12345 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.4 8.2 8.6 0 50 100 150 200 0246810 1-cell charge current vs. battery voltage 2-cell charge current vs. battery voltage low temp off high temp off high temp on low temp on 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 v in =12v v in =19v v in =24v v in =12v v in =24v v in =19v 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 510152025 80 83 86 89 92 95 510152025 1cell battery v in =19v v in =24v v in =12v v in =19 v v in =24v v in =12v
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 7 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics (continued) v in =19v, c1=4.7uf, c2=22uf, l=4.7uh, rs1=100m ? , real battery load, t a =25oc, unless otherwise noted. power on waveform v in 10v/div v batt 2v/div v sw 10v/div i batt 200ma/div v in 10v/div v batt 2v/div v sw 10v/div i batt 2a/div v in 10v/div v batt 2v/div v sw 10v/div i batt 500ma/div v batt 2v/div v sw 10v/div v in 10v/div i batt 2a/div v batt 2v/div v batt 2v/div v sw 10v/div v in 10v/div v en 5v/div i batt 1a/div v sw 10v/div i batt 1a/div v batt 2v/div v en 5v/div v sw 10v/div i batt 1a/div v batt 2v/div v ntc 2v/div v sw 10v/div i batt 2a/div steady state waveform steady state waveform steady state waveform trickle change 1-cell, v batt =2.5v, cv load 1-cell, i chg =2a,v batt =4v power off waveform 1-cell, i chg =2a,v batt =4v en on waveform 1-cell, i chg =2a,v batt =4v en off waveform 1-cell, i chg =2a,v batt =4v ntc control 1-cell, v batt =3.8v, cv load time out 1-cell, v batt =3.8v, cv load, c tmr =1nf cc change 1-cell, v batt =3.8v, cv load cv change 1-cell, v batt =4.2v, cv load v batt 2v/div v in 10v/div v tmr 500mv/div i batt 2a/div
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 8 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. block diagram figure 2?function block diagram
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 9 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. operation the mp2610 is a peak current mode controlled switching charger for use with li-ion batteries. figure 2 shows the block diagram. at the beginning of a cycle, m1 is off. the comp voltage is higher than the current sense result from amplifier a1?s output and the pwm comparator?s output is low. the rising edge of the 1.1mhz clk signal sets the rs flip-flop. its output turns on m1 thus connecting the sw pin and inductor to the input supply. the increasing inductor current is sensed and amplified by the current sense amplifier a1. ramp compensation is summed to the output of a1 and compared to comp by the pwm comparator. when the sum of a1?s output and the slope compensation signal exceeds the comp voltage, the rs flip-flop is reset and m1 is turned off. the external switching diode d2 then conducts the inductor current. if the sum of a1?s output and the slope compensation signal does not exceed the comp voltage, then the falling edge of the clk resets the flip-flop. the mp2610 have two internal linear regulators power internal circuit, vref33 and vref25. the output of 3.3v reference voltage can also power external circuitry as long as the maximum current (50ma) is not exceeded. a 1 f bypass capacitor is required from vref33 to gnd to ensure stability. the output of 2.5v reference voltage can not carry any load, and it can only be a voltage reference, like connecting it to the gate of a mosfet. in typical application, vref25 should be float and no capacitor is required. it can only connect to a capacitor which is smaller than 100pf. charge cycle (mode change: trickle ? cc ? cv) the battery current is sensed via rs1 (figure 2) and amplified by a2. the charge will start in ?trickle charging mode? (10% of the rs1 programmed current i cc ) until the battery voltage reaches 2.8v/cell. if the charge stays in the ?trickle charging mode till ?timer out? condition is triggered, the charger is terminated. otherwise, the output of a2 is then regulated to the level set by rs1. the charger is operating at ?constant current charging mode.? the duty cycle of the switcher is determined by the compi voltage that is regulated by the amplifier gmi. when the battery voltage reaches the ?constant voltage mode? threshold, the amplifier gmv will regulate the comp pin, and then the duty cycle. the charger will then operate in ?constant voltage mode.? automatic recharge 1 minute after the battery charging current drops below the termination threshold, the charger will cease charging and the chgok pin becomes an open drain. if for some reason, the battery voltage is lowered to 4.0v/cell, recharge will automatically kick in. charger status indication mp2610 has two open-drain status outputs: chgok and acok . the acok pin pulls low when an input voltage is greater than battery voltage 300mv and over the under voltage lockout threshold. chgok is used to indicate the status of the charge cycle. table 1 describes the status of the charge cycle based on the chgok and acok outputs. table 1 D charging status indication acok chgok charger status low low in charging low high end of charge high high vin < uvlo, thermal shutdown, timer out, en disable timer operation mp2610 uses internal timer to terminate the charge if the timer times out. the timer duration is programmed by an external capacitor at the tmr pin. the trickle mode charge time is:
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 10 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. 0.1uf c 30mins t tmr tickle_tmr = the total charge time is: 0.1uf c 3hours t tmr total_tmr = negative thermal coefficient (ntc) thermistor the mp2610 has a built-in ntc resistance window comparator, which allows mp2610 to sense the battery temperature via the thermistor packed internally in the battery pack to ensure a safe operating environment of the battery. a resistor with appropriate value should be connected from vref33 to ntc pin and the thermistor is connected from ntc pin to gnd. the voltage on ntc pin is determined by the resistor divider whose divide ratio depends on the battery temperature. when the voltage of pin ntc falls out of ntc window range, mp2610 will stop the charging. the charger will restart if the temperature goes back into ntc window range. figure 3?li-ion battery charge profile
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 11 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. figure 4? normal charging operation flow chart
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 12 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. charge mode? v batt >v batt_tc v batt >v batt_full i chg v batt_full v batt =150 o c? tj<=130 o c? charge current thermal shutdown fault protection yes charger recovery, return to normal operation yes no yes no yes no charge termination, acok& chgok is high yes ntc fault? no timer out ? no figure 5? fault protection flow chart
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 13 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. application information setting the charge current the charge current of mp2610 is set by the sense resistor rs1 (figure1). the charge current programmable formula is as following: ) rs1(m 200mv (a) i chg = (1) table2?i chg setting i chg (a) rs(m ? ) 2 100 1.5 133 1 200 0.8 250 0.5 400 selecting the inductor a 1h to 10h inductor is recommended for most applications. the inductance value can be derived from the following equation. out in out in l osc v(vv) l vif ? = (2) where i l is the inductor ripple current. vout is 1/2 cell battery voltage. choose inductor current to be approximately 30% if the maximum charge current, 2a. the maximum inductor peak current is: l l(max) load i ii 2 =+ (3) under light load conditions below 100ma, larger inductance is recommended for improved efficiency. for optimized efficiency, the inductor dc resistance is recommended to be less than 200m ? . ntc function as figure 6 shows, the low temperature threshold and high temperature threshold are preset internally via a resistive divider, which are 73%vref33 and 30%vref33. for a given ntc thermistor, we can select appropriate r3 and r6 to set the ntc window. in detail, for the thermistor (ncp18xh103) noted in above electrical characteristic, at 0oc, r ntc_cold = 27.445k ? ; at 50oc, r ntc_hot = 4.1601k ? . assume that the ntc window is between 0oc and 50oc, the following equations could be derived: 73% vref33 v r6//r r3 r6//r th_low ntc_cold ntc_cold = = + (4) 30% vref33 v r6//r r3 r6//r th_high ntc_hot ntc_hot = = + (5) according to equation (4) and equation (5), we can find that r3 = 9.63k and r6 = 505k. to be simple in project, making r3=10k and r6 no connect will approximately meet the specification. ntc vref33 low temp threshold high temp threshold r ntc r3 r6 v th_low v th_high figure 6? ntc function block selecting the input capacitor the input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input and also the switching noise from the device. the input capacitor impedance at the switching frequency should be less than the input source impedance to prevent high frequency switching current passing to the input. ceramic capacitors with x5r or x7r dielectrics are highly recommended because of their low esr and small temperature coefficients. for most applications, a 4.7f capacitor is sufficient. selecting the output capacitor the output capacitor keeps output voltage ripple small and ensures regulation loop stability. the output capacitor impedance should be low at the switching frequency. ceramic capacitors with x5r or x7r dielectrics are recommended.
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 14 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. pc board layout the high frequency and high current paths (gnd, in and sw) should be placed to the device with short, direct and wide traces. the input capacitor needs to be as close as possible to the in and gnd pins. the external feedback resistors should be placed next to the fb pin. keep the switching node sw short and away from the feedback network. application for usb input when a usb is selected as the power source of the switching charger, the typical application circuit is as figure 7 sh ows. one pmos is used instead of the block diode d1 to low down the voltage drop, and realizing less minimum input to charge a single cell battery full. the charge current is set to be 1a to satisfy turbo usb or 5vin wall-adapter specification requirement and realize the fast charging. figure 8 is the typical charging curve. the charge current can?t keep constant at the setting value during the operation at the constant current charging mode. it drops down when the maximum duty of the part is hit. set the charge current lower, the constant current charge duration will be extended. results illuminates that mp2610 is reasonable for the usual usb input application.
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 15 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. l rs1 vin vref33 vref25 cells chgok acok ntc en compv compi gnd tmr batt csp bst sw mp2610 off on c2 22uf c3 1uf c4 2.2nf c5 2.2nf c6 0.1uf c7 0.1uf r1 r2 r3 10k 10k r4 2.5k r5 750 4.7uh 400m c1 4.7uf r ntc v in 1-cell battery d2 usb input m2 c8 0.1uf r6 50k figure 7? typical application circuit for usb input battery charge curve @ usb in 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 vbat maximum duty operation constant current cv charge cc charge ibat time (minutes) 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 battery current (a) battery voltage(v) figure 8? battery charge curve @ usb in
mp2610 ? 2a, 24v input, 1.1mhz 1-2ce ll switching li-ion battery charger notice: the information in this document is subject to change wi thout notice. users should warra nt and guarantee that third party intellectual property rights are not infringed upon w hen integrating mps products into any application. mps will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. mp2610 rev. 0.91 www.monolithicpower.com 16 7/13/2010 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2010 mps. all rights reserved. package information qfn16 (4mm x 4mm) side view top view 1 16 13 12 9 85 4 bottom view 3.90 4.10 2.15 2.45 3.90 4.10 2.15 2.45 0.65 bsc 0.25 0.35 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.05 0.20 ref pin 1 id marking 2.30 0.65 0.35 recommended land pattern 3.80 note: 1) all dimensions are in millimeters. 2) exposed paddle size does not include mold flash. 3) lead coplanarity shall be 0.10 millimeter max. 4) jedec reference is mo-220, variation vggc. 5) drawing is not to scale. pin 1 id see detail a pin 1 id option a 0.45x45 o typ. pin 1 id option b r0.25 typ. detail a pin 1 id index area 1.00 0.50 0.70

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